In 2025, the historically blossoming partnership between India and the United States faced one of its starkest tests following the imposition of steep tariffs by U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration. The tariffs, particularly targeting Indian exports, have not only altered the economic dynamics but have also sparked a significant diplomatic chill between the two democracies. Background of the Tariffs The U.S. escalated tariff rates on multiple Indian goods from 25% to as high as 50%, including apparel, precious stones, footwear, furniture, chemicals, and sports equipment—making these some of the highest tariffs imposed by the U.S. on any trading partner. This punitive increase came largely as a response to India’s continued purchase of Russian oil amidst the Russia-Ukraine conflict, which Washington viewed as indirectly supporting Moscow’s military actions. This sharp tariff hike added an extra 25% penalty atop existing duties, threatening thousands of jobs and exporters who re...
Periodization of history It refers to the process of dividing history into distinct periods or eras based on significant events, developments, or shifts in society, culture, politics, or other aspects of human civilization. Periodization allows historians and scholars to organize and make sense of historical events, processes, and trends by grouping them into meaningful and manageable units. Periodization schemes vary depending on the context, region, and the focus of study. Different cultures and regions may have their own specific periodization systems based on their unique historical experiences and perspectives. However, there are several widely recognised periodization schemes that are commonly used in the study of world history. Here are a few examples - 1. Ancient, Medieval, and Modern This is a traditional periodization scheme that is often used in European history but can be applied to other regions as well. It includes - Ancient - Typically up to the fall of the W...